nginx配置文件示例

# 用户/组配置
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
worker_cpu_affinity auto;

# error日志和访问日志的路径和级别配置
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# 工作进程配置
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
    worker_connections 65535;
    use epoll;
    multi_accept on;
}

# HTTP服务的配置
http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    
    # 日志配置
    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    # 安全性配置
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'";
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload";
    
    # 关闭 Nginx 版本号显示
    server_tokens off;
    # 防止点击劫持攻击
    add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
    # 防止XSS攻击
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    # 防止 MIME 类型欺骗攻击
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    # 防止缓存欺骗攻击
    add_header Cache-Control "no-cache, private";
    
    # MIME类型映射配置
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    
    # 缓存配置
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m inactive=60m;
    proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
    
    # Gzip压缩配置
    gzip on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript application/xml;

    # 反向代理配置
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }

    # HTTP server
    server {
        # 监听80端口并转发到HTTPS
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;
        return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
    }

    # HTTPS server
    server {
        listen 443 ssl http2;
        server_name example.com;
        
        # SSL证书和私钥
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.key;

        # 安全协议配置
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA;
        
        #配置静态资源
        location / {
            root /var/www/example.com;
            index index.html;
        }
        
        # 反向代理配置
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

            # 缓存配置
            proxy_cache my_cache;
            proxy_cache_valid 200 60m;
            proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
            proxy_cache_revalidate on;
            add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
        }


        # 禁用不必要的HTTP方法
        if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
          return 405;
        }

        # 禁用特定文件扩展名的访问
        location ~ \.(ht|sql|conf)$ {
          deny all;
        }

        # 防止意外的PHP脚本执行
        location ~ \.php$ {
          try_files $uri =404;
          fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock;
          fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
          include fastcgi_params;
        }
        
       # 关闭服务器签名
       server_tokens off;

       # 限制连接速率
       limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
       limit_req zone=one burst=10;

       # 防止恶意请求
       if ($http_user_agent ~* (bot|crawl|spider)) {
         return 403;
       }

       # 防止恶意请求
       if ($http_referer ~* (semalt.com|todaperfeita)) {
         return 403;
       }

       # 防止SQL注入攻击
       if ($args ~* "(<|%3C).*script.*(>|%3E)") {
         return 403;
       }
    }

    # Optimization
    client_max_body_size 20m;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    gzip on;
    gzip_disable "msie6";
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_min_length 1000;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript application/xml;
}